Controlling Pests With Botanical Insecticide

Controlling Pests With Botanical Insecticide
Thursday, February 28, 2008 11:36:07
Ir. H. Samsudin, MSI (dir. LPS-DD)

Pests and diseases on cultivated plants is one of the important factors that could reduce agricultural output. So far, farmers are dependent on chemical pesticides to control pests and disease, but excessive use of pesticides, not only will increase production costs, but also bad for the health of farmers, consumers and the surrounding biological balance. Some of the negative effects that will arise from the use of synthetic chemical pesticides are:
Pests become resistant (immune).
Explosion of pests due to the ineffectiveness of the use of pesticides.
Accumulation of residue that can be dangerous. farmers / users and consumers.
Follow the killing of natural enemies.
Environmental pollution.
Changes in pest status of minor pests become major pests.


Alternative
Prevention must be done through the use of natural pesticides that do not leave harmful residues and environmentally friendly (friendly environment), use of natural enemies of pests (predators and parasitoids), bio-pesticides, crop rotations and plant friends (Companion plant).
In the narrow land, farmers can control manually (picking leaves or pick up a worm attack).
Observations were made as often as possible, and farmers should be diligent in doing sanitation of the environment around the plant. Leaves should be burned disease (eradication).
Crop rotation is to plant vegetables that are not family or nothing, in one place within a certain period, for example: former bean fields not planted beans next. This is intended to avoid congestion seedling pests / diseases. In addition, crop rotation is also beneficial for the addition of N elements, such as land once planted with corn, beans planted next / beans.
Meanwhile, fellow plant / companion (companion plant), working away pests, the smell of the plant pests do not want to create closer, many of the examples found in the field are: cabbage and tomato. The smell of tomatoes was not favored by the butterflies into caterpillars Plutella life cycle. Another example of celery and scallion, tomato and onion leaves, lettuce and cucumbers and others.
While several types of organic pesticides that served as a control pests / diseases include: pesticide plant (pesnab), biological agents that act as predators or natural enemies of pests or disease specific types of (bio-pesticides), and other materials that serve as attractants or the presence of the insect repellent / Repellent.
Biological agents are generally grown in certain media and applied by spraying (eg NPV viruses, bacteria Bt) and can also be mixed into the planting medium / fertilizer (eg: Gliocladium).
Flour sulfur can be spread on the leaf / stem rot fungus affected (Phytopthora).
Urien cows can also be used as a pest repellent after previously kept for 2 weeks in the sun and diluted with water before being sprayed, because the concentration of urine can lead to intense burning plant leaves.
No.
TYPE MATERIAL
Pests / diseases controlled
A.
PESTICIDES NABATI

1.
Mimba
Aphids, caterpillars borers, grasshoppers,
2.
Jackfruit leaves
Aphid, thrips
3.
Basil
Fruit flies
4.
Tegetes
White lice
5.
Roots tuba
Aphid, caterpillars, slugs mas
6.
Garlic
Aphids, weevils
7.
Soursop
Aphid, pest ants and warehouse
8.
Chrysanthemum
Various types of insects
9.
Tobacco
Various types of insects
10.
Ginger
Various types of insects
11.
Cloves
Fungi: Fusarium, Phytopthora
B.
BIO-PESTICIDES

1.
Se Virus NPV
Caterpillar grayak on onion
2.
Sl NPV Virus
Caterpillar grayak on chili, peanuts and tobacco
3.
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)
Grayak caterpillar Spodoptera litura, Plutella and Crocidolomia on cabbage
4.
Gliocladium sp
Fusarium fungi, Phytopthora
5.
Trichoderma
Fusarium fungi, Phytium
C.
OTHER MATERIALS

1.
Flour
Plutella caterpillars and Crocidolomia the cabbage and mustard greens.
2.
Sulfur / sulfur
Mushroom Phytopthora
3.
Metyl eugenol (pheromones)
Fruit flies
4.
Cow urine
Aphid (aphids)

SOME FUNCTIONS OF PESTICIDES NABATI
Vegetable Pesticides have various functions that the various, among other things:
Repelen, which rejected the presence of insects (stinging odor)
Antifidan, prevent insect eating plants that have been sprayed (no taste bitter).
Preventing insects lay eggs.
As a nerve poison.
Disrupt the hormone system in the body of insects.
Atraktan, the presence of insect decoy that can be used to trap insects.
Controlling the growth of fungus / bacteria.
B. MATERIAL AND METHOD OF PROCESSING
To create a pesticide plant (pesnab) required materials in the form of a certain plant parts, such as leaves, seeds, berries, roots, and others.
The materials are processed into various forms, including: a liquid form of extracts and oils, and solid forms (flour and ash). Examples of the forms of pesticide processing plant are as follows:
Raw materials in the form of flour (flour neem, turmeric powder, ginger powder).
Plant extract / resin by taking liquid secondary metabolites of certain plant parts. (neem oil, chrysanthemum oil, clove oil, etc.).
Plant parts were burned to ashes taken and used as an insecticide such as: lemon grass, tembelekan (Lantana Pine)), leaves of bamboo and others.

C. Advantages and disadvantages
Excess of pesticides made from plant materials such as:
Degraded / rapid decomposition by sunlight.
Has the effect / influence of fast, ie stop the insect's appetite even if rarely cause death.
Toksitasnya of animals is generally low and relatively safe in humans (lethal dosage (LD)> 50 Oral).
Having a broad spectrum of control (stomach and nerve toxins) and is selective.
Can be relied upon to overcome the OPT has been resistant to the synthetic pesticides.
Phitotoksitas low, that is not poison and damage the plants.
While weakness using vegetable pestsida as follows:
Decomposes rapidly and the application should be more frequent.
Low-power venom (not directly kill insects / slow effect).
Production capacity is still low and can not be done in the amount of mass (plant material for plant-based pesticides has not been cultivated in particular).
Availability in the stores are still limited agricultural
The material above is generally made by blender, boiled and soaked before it is sprayed. For the type of seeds soaked first and then crushed / blended. While types of leaves and tubers can be blended and made extract. Prior to use the materials in the solution of soap mixed with dab / tipol liquid soap and soaked overnight, then ready for use.
D. SOME TYPES OF PLANT FOR PESTICIDES NABATI
Mimba (Azzadirachta indica)
Active compounds are contained mimba azadirachtin, salanin like meliantriol and onions and it was very bitter. The shape of the leaf powder, or liquid iminyak of seeds / fruit. Effective to prevent the eating of insects and plants to prevent insect approaching (Repellent) and systemic.
Mimba can also create sterile insects, because it can interfere with hormone production and pertumuhan insects.
Mimba has a broad spectrum, effective to control soft-bodied insects (200 species), among others: grasshoppers, thrips, caterpillars, plant hopper, white butterfly, etc..
Besides able to control fungi (fungicide) on the preventive stage, causing fungal spores failed to germinate. Mushrooms are controlled among other causes; flour moisture, rot disease, smallpox leaves / scab, leaf rust and leaf spots. And prevent the bacteria in the dew flour (powdery mildew).
Extracts mimba should be sprayed at the early stages of insect development, which is sprayed on the leaves and can also be sprayed on the roots of plants to absorb the roots or controlling pests in the soil.
ROOTS Tuba (Derris eliptica)
The compound was found rotenon. Rotenon could be extracted using ether / acetone to 2-4% resin rotenon, made into a concentrate water.
Rotenon can cause insects to stop eating. Insect's death occurred several hours to several days after exposure rotenon. Rotenon can be mixed with piretrin / bebelrang. Cell toxicity is very strong for insects.
Berspktrum poison Rotenon is broad, as the stomach and contact poison and not systemic. Act as moluskisida, insecticides (seranga), akarisida (mites).
TOBACCO (Nicotiana tabacum)
Compounds found in the nicotine. Dried tobacco leaves mangandung 2-8% nicotine. Nicotine is a nerve poison react very quickly.
Nicotine acts as a contact poison for pests such as caterpillars destroyer leaves, aphids, thrips, and aphids as well as controlling fungi (fungicides).
BABADOTAN (Ageratum conyzoides)
Active Ingredients babadotan plant is saponin, flavonoids and polyphenols. And contain essential oils.
Able to prevent plant pests approaching (denial) and capable of inhibiting the growth of the larvae become pupa.
Still there are many plants that can be used as a pesticide plant material / botanical that contains the active ingredient different. Expected with the use of plant pesticides, heavy reliance on the use of chemical pesticides can be reduced so that the security for the farmers / users and consumers can be improved from the dangers of pesticide poisoning. Besides environmental sustainability will be maintained and sustained.
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